Anatomy Lab #5 – Muscle Set #2 & Respiratory System Name ___________________

Goals for this lab:

1. Isolate cat muscle set #2
2. Identify muscle set #2 on the models from table #2 at the end of this lab
3. Identify muscle set #2 images on my web site
4. Identify respiratory structures on the models
5. Identify respiratory structures on my web site

Martini Chapters: 10, 11, 24

Part I: Isolation of cat muscles

Please isolate the following muscles as depicted in your cat dissection manual:

Latissimus dorsi, Spinotrapezius, Acromiotrapezius, Clavotrapezius, Clavodeltoid (Clavobrachialis), Levator scapulae ventralis, Acromiodeltoid, Spinodeltoid

Serratus anterior, Scalenus anterior, Scalenus medius, Scalenus posterior, Subscapularis, Transverse costarum, Rectus abdominus

Long head of triceps brachii, Lateral head of triceps brachii

Part II: Identify the muscles in the Power Point presentation

Part III: Familiarize yourself with the muscle located on my web page

Part IV: Respiratory system

1. Define pulmonary ventilation, pulmonary respiration, & tissue respiration

Pulmonary ventilation is the inspiration & expiration of air
Pulmonary respiration is the transfer of gases between the lungs & the blood
Tissue respiration is the transfer of gases between the blood & the tissues

2. What is the function of the nasal conchae and meatuses?

To increase the surface area of the nasal cavity to FILTER, warm, & moisten the air

3. Name the 3 parts of the pharynx. What kind of epithelium covers these parts?

NASOPHARYNX: Pseudostratified
OROPHARYNX: Stratified squamous
HYPOPHARYNX: Stratified squamous

4. What organs make up the lower respiratory system

LARYNX, TRACHEA, BRONCHI, LUNGS

5. What are the cartilage pieces that make up the larynx?

single (thyroid, epiglottic, & cricoid) & three are paired (arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform)

6. What kinds of epithelium would you find on superior & inferior surfaces of the epiglottis?

SUPERIOR = STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS, INFERIOR = PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR

7. What 4 layers make up the trachea wall?

Pseudostratified ciliated epithelium with goblet cells
Submucosa made of areolar CT
Hyaline cartilage with smooth muscle
Adventitia made of areolar CT

8. What are the effects of histamine and epinephrine on the bronchioles?

Histamine is a bronchoconstrictor
Epinephrine is a bronchodilator

9. How many lobes does each lung possess?

Right lung has 3 lobes
Left lung has 2 lobes

10. What fissures separate the lungs into lobes

The right lung’s lobes are separated by both the oblique and horizontal fissures
The left lung’s lobes are separated by the oblique fissure

11. Which lung has the cardiac notch?

LEFT

12. What is a hilus? On what surface is the hilus located?

A region where the bronchi, pulmonary blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, & nerves enter & exit The hilus is located on the mediastinal surface

13. Name the cell which secretes surfactant. What is the function of surfactant?

ALVEOLAR TYPE II secretes surfactant.
Surfactant reduces the alveolar surface tension, allowing the alveoli to expand

14.