Quarantine Station

* Quarantine defined as ‘strict isolation designed to prevent the spread of disease’ * Created in European ports so that vessels suspected of carrying infectious diseases could be isolated for the duration of an infectious disease * 40 days, initial period of quarantine – duration at North Head varied on the incubation time of the disease * Quarantine stations in ship ports-of-entry at Sydney, Newcastle, Fremantle, Broome, Bunbury, Thursday Island, Darwin, Point Nepean, Perth, Albany, Townsville, Moreton Bay Hobart and Adelaide * Isolated Passengers with diseases such as plague, cholera, typhus fever, typhoid fever, yellow fever, smallpox and leprosy * North Head, chosen site for Quarantine because; it was within close proximity to the entrance to Sydney Harbour, was isolated from Sydney, had a natural spring that ran from the swampy ground above to spring cove providing fresh water * 156 years of Quarantine Station operating (1828-1984), at least 580 ships quarantined, more than 13, 000 people quarantined and approx. 572 people died * Outbreak of smallpox in Sydney in 1880 * Main diseases which caused the Quarantine station to be opened; small pox 1880, plague epidemic 1900, scarlet fever 1837 and Spanish influenza * Spanish influenza and Bubonic Disease – main causes of death in the cemetery * Main purpose of the mortuary was to perform autopsy to work out the cause of death * 1913 – new approach to small pox, cow pox was immune, gave immunity to small pox * Small pox only disease eradicated because they immunized everyone * Spanish Influenza pandemic of 1918-19 killed about 12 000 people * 1918-19 – Spanish Influenza * 1957-58 – Asian Flu * 1968-70 – pandemic/Hong Kong Flu * 2009 – Swine Flu

Taronga Zoo

* Two stages of homeostasis; detecting a change from a stable i.e. receptors and counteracting a change from a stable slate i.e. the effectors * Ectotherm (reptiles) – “cold blooded” – need to make adaptions to keep themselves warm * Endotherms (mammals) – “warm blooded” – adaptions to cool themselves

Mr. Draper’s Plant Presentation

* Saltbush (Atriplex species) * Halophytic shrubs * Native to the semi-arid and arid zone of southern and central *