1. Decision making is often described as the essence of a manager's job due to the fact that managers must supervise and form agendas. Supervising and forming agendas for workers requires more than following orders and preset work protocols, the manager must make their own decisions in order to ensure that their part of the business is running efficiently.

3. Planning and Decision Making set the organization's goals and decides how best to achieve them. Organizing then determines how best to group activities and resources. Leading motivates members of the organization to work in the best interests of the organization. Controlling monitors and corrects ongoing activities to assist goal completion.

4. Culture determines how one spends their money and decisions are often based on finances. Culture is a reference point and culture makes us feel comfortable with who we are. However, culture does not always influence our decisions. When people expose themselves to other cultures, they are more likely to base decisions on other factors such as: knowledge, experience and education.

5. In a situation involving certainty, people are reasonably sure about what will happen when they make a decision. The information is available and is considered to be reliable, and outcome is known.
In a situation of uncertainty, on the other hand, people have an insufficient data base, they do not know whether or not the data is reliable, and they are very unsure about whether or not situation may change.
In a risk situation, factual information may exist, but it may be incomplete.

Under Water Chaos Discussion Questions

What’s your reaction to this story? What does it illustrate about decision making?
My reaction to the story is, when there is new technology a lot of important things are over looked, and seem to have problems like this before there is a solution. It illustrates that managers could have done a better job of making decisions in preparation for such scenarios.

How could the decision-making process have helped in both the response to the crisis situation and in preventing it from