Hum
Study Guide

Chapter 2

1. Paleolithic/ Neolithic – also known as the late Stone Age around 40,000 to 10,000 B.C since most tools were made by stone and cave drawings and stone structures were also made. Early man settled by water and when resources depleted they moved to the next area, and this is the time when they migrated into America. Known as the New stone age where the development of human technology where most tools where made of polished stone and the domestication of plants and animals took place. The wheel was created and the and the hunters and gatherers were established and food growing became a normal way of life.
2. Mesopotamia - oldest civilization also known as land “between the rivers” the Tigris and Euphrates located in present day Iran nicknamed The fertile crescent. It was a place where the rivers helped with the establishment of cities and the achievements in arts, writing and law and empires arose dominating the Near East and Northern Africa.
3. Sumerians - lived in southern Mesopotamia and where first to build monumental sized religious structures, first to invent the wheel and first to use writing called cuneiform.
4. Cuneiform – first writing invented by Sumerians that’s wedge shaped writing of pictures into clay tablets used for business receipts.
5. Ziggurats – first monumental religious structure made by ancient people of ancient Mesopotamia where pyramid shaped often made of mud brick in elevated layers, actually a gigantic altar to honor gods and by walking up steps to advance into the realm of the gods, the top was a temple where sacrifices happened.
6. Hammurabi / Code - Old Babylon King ruled 1792 – 1750 B.C , he established first legal code and first law written carved in Basalt stating “ An eye for an eye” known as a legal code for punishment.
7. Pharaoh – living God with power over Egypt , many had monuments along the banks of Nile river. Had good fashion and wore makeup like lipstick , had an epidemic of lice so they had to shave their heads and where wigs.
8. Polytheism – belief of many gods somewhere seen as animals and had local powers.
9. Pyramids - Four sided triangle stone structure as tombs for one pharaoh, made of limestone contained pharaohs mummified body and lots of treasures of objects for their journey to the afterlife.
10. Akhenaten / Nefertiti - he ruled around 1379 t0 1362 B.C he broke tradition and introduced new religious ideas and distinctive intimate art style. He established a new royal court of instead worshipping many gods he worshiped on God called Aten the sun-disc. Great wife of Akhenaten part of the revolutionary religious change for the worship of Aten. She was made famous by the finding of her bust which depicted the realistic artistry that the ancient Egyptians mastery .
11. Tutankhamen - Pharaoh that ruled around 1361 to 1352 B.C was nine or ten as he came into power he married his half sister , he was well known for his tombs discovery in the 1920’s than his rule as a pharaoh , also known as King Tut the art style depicted in his tomb showed the dedication to Aten.
12. Nefertari / Ka - Favored #1 queen of the pharaoh Ramesses II ; she assisted him on diplomatic missions which helped to expand Egypt . I learned that she was P.H.A.T (pretty hot and tempting); a gorgeous, hot mama. Her tomb, located in the Valley of the Queens, was found empty except for her makeup chest, but the interior shows richly painted walls that depict the descent of the Queen’s ka or spirit into the underworld.

Chapter 3

1.Minoans/ Minotaur – Peace loving civilization advanced at ship building and fine arts philosophy, and science their civilization reached a high point at 1400 B.C . Half man half bull son of King Minos whose queen birthed a hideous monster. The bull important symbol of male fertility and played and important role in bull riding.
2.Mycenaeans / Henirich Schliemann- Warrior civilization based on palace cities on the