CHAPTER 1.2

Review of Related Literature

The Development of Economy in Relationship of Hospital

Hospitals are key cogs in the local economic system, serving as major employment centers that offer job opportunities spanning a broad range of skill levels (St. Peter’s Hospital, 2006). Their sizeable payroll expenditures initiate a ripple effect through the economy as employees spend their paychecks on groceries, mortgages, rents, transportation, and entertainment.

Though nonprofit hospitals are tax-exempt, its employees are not. Local governments can take advantage of much needed revenue because of the employment capacity of hospitals. Additionally, hospitals generate millions of moneys for the local economy by purchasing an array of goods
Science has shown that the most significant health determinants are very personal based on genes, sex, and age, the biological factors and behavior. Yet, many external factors such as the environment and those social and economic factors, policies, and services shaping the environment affect the second half of the definition of health. It is these health determinants which a hospital as foundational institution can shape.

In recent years, research has suggested a linkage between the characteristics of the built environment and human health outcomes such as respiratory and cardiovascular health, fatal and non-fatal injuries, physical fitness, obesity, mental health, and social capital. Although the relationship between cause and effect is not proven, there are proof joining components of the built environment and health to order incorporation of health considerations in project
In both its daily operations and its decisions for the future, a hospital can substantially impact the community at large. Hospitals can have positive impacts on the surrounding community.

Community residents rely on hospitals to bring life into the world, care for the aged, ensure safety when a disaster occurs, educate people about the impact of the lifestyles on their health, and provide

comfort at the end of life, in addition to meeting basic health care needs (St. Peter’s Hospital, 2006). Hospitals provide these benefits to the community twenty-four hours a day and seven days a week, offering a level of access unique among the anchor