M1.) The cardiovascular and the respiratory system both work toward the same goal: getting oxygen to tissues and getting carbon dioxide out. The circulatory system and the respiratory system work closely together to ensure that organ tissues receive enough oxygen. The aim of this report is to discuss the structure of the various parts to explain how they carry out their function. The main role of the respiratory system is to provide gas exchange between blood and environment. Organs absorb from the atmosphere into the body and carbon dioxide removed from the body. The two important structures in the respiratory system are the larynx and lungs. The larynx is the structure between the throat and trachea. It has two important functions. At the top of the larynx, there is a small leaf-shaped flap of cartilage called the epiglottis that closes over the entrance to the larynx to stop choking when we swallow food. The nose is lined with cilium which is a microscopic hair-like structure that helps to filter the air and prevent the entry of dust and prevent the entry of dust and debris into the respiratory organs. The diaphragm’s job is to help pump the carbon dioxide out of the lungs and pull the oxygen into the lungs. The diaphragm is a sheet of muscles that lies across the bottom of the chest cavity. As the diaphragm contracts and relaxes, breathing takes place. During breathing out or exhalation, the reverse happens the lungs deflate, the diaphragm lifts into a dome shape and the intercostal muscles pull the ribcage downwards and inwards. The intercostal muscles are the muscle bands that surround and span between the ribs that alternately lift and compress the rib cage in order to permit respiration. The intercostal muscles run between the ribs and help expand the chest when we inhale or during breathing. There are two lungs in the body, these works to provide us with the oxygen we need and to remove the carbon dioxide that we create as waste in the body. These two lungs are made up of a network of tubes that look like a tree in winter. These are the essential organs to perform the function of respiratory system. The alveoli looks like cotton wall, they have very thin walls to allow the gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. They are surrounded by capillaries, into which the gases pass. The capillaries are tiny walled vessels. These join the arteries with the veins. Oxygenated blood arrives at the capillaries from the arteries and is passed through the tiny walls into cells in the body. Gaseous exchange takes place by a process called the diffusion. In the alveoli there is a high concentration of oxygen and a low concentration of carbon dioxide while in the capillaries there is a high concentration of carbon dioxide and a low concentration of oxygen. The process of diffusion allows the oxygen to move out of the capillaries into the alveoli.
Cardiovascular System The two main roles of cardiovascular system are to maintain oxygen supply to all parts of the body and to help get rid of carbon dioxide and to transport materials such as glucose to the cells. The heart is made up of specialised cardiac muscle and is known as a double pump because each slide of the heart works separately. The right side of the heart works separately. The right side pumps blood from the heart to the lungs and the left side pumps blood from the lungs via the heart to the rest of the body. The heart has also a special valve that makes sure the blood always pumps in the right direction. The muscle of the heart is specialised because it needs to be strong enough to beat every day for the whole of a human lifespan. The heart has four chambers. These are the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and left ventricle. The muscular wall of the left ventricle is much thicker than the right because it has to pump blood around the whole