Chapter 7

* Decisions * Seriousness * Type of first aid and immobilization * Whether condition requires immediate care and treatment * Off-field * Performed by athletic trainer or physician once athlete has been removed from site of injury * Divided into 4 segments * History * Info about injury * Listen to athlete and how key questions are answered * Observation * Inspection of injury * Look for gross deformity, swelling, skin discoloration * Physical examination * Special tests * Designed for every body region for detecting specific pathologies * Used to substantiate finding form other tests * Immediate treatment following acute injury * Protection * Don’t hurt patient * Immobilization and appropriate forms of transportation * Rest * Stresses and strains must be removed following injury as healing begins * Days of rest differ according to extent of injury * Rest should occur 72 hours before rehab begins * Ice * Initial treatment of acute injuries * Strains, sprains, contusions, and inflammatory condition * Decrease pain, promote vasoconstriction * Lower metabolism, tissue demand for oxygen and hypoxia * Should be applied initially for 20 mins and then repeated every 1-1 ½ and should cont. for at least the first 72 hours of new injury * Treatment should last 20 mins * Compression * Decreases space allowed for swelling to accumulate * Important adjunct to elevation and cryotherapy and may be most important component * Number of means of compression can be utilized (ace wraps, foam cut etc.) * Elevation * Reduces internal bleeding due to force * Emergency splinting * Always splint before moving * Two rules * Joint above and below fracture * Injury in position found * Spine Board * EMS contacted if required * Must maintain head and neck in alignment of long axis of the body * One person must be responsible for head and neck at all times * Primary emergency care must be provided to maintain breathing, treating for shock and maintaining position of athlete * Permission should be given to transport by physician * Ambulatory aid * Support or assistance provided * Manual Conveyance * Move mildly injured athlete a greater distance than could be walked with ease * Carrying the athlete can be uses following a complete examination * Convenient carry is performed by two assistants * Stretcher carrying * Best and safest mode of transport * With all segments supported/splinted athlete is lifted and placed gently on stretcher * Careful examination is required if stretcher is needed * Proper fit and use of crutch or cane * Fitting athlete * Should stand with good posture, in flat soled shoes * Crutches should be placed 6” from outer margin of show and 2” in front * Base should fall 1” below anterior fold of axilla * Hand brace should be positioned to place elbow at 30 degrees of flexion * Cane measurement should be taken from height of greater trochanter * Deal with asthmatic athletes * Know signs and symptoms * Increase wheezing * Increase in chest tightness * Respiratory rate>25 breaths per min

* Diabetic athletes * Know if you’ve got them or not

Chapter 9 * Hyperthermia * Manage heat stress and all that fun stuff * Heat stress * Caution should v used when training in the heat (overexposure could lead to big problems * Heat illnesses * Heat syncope (heat collapse) * Exertional heat cramps * Exertional heat exhaustion * Exertional heatstroke * Exertional