HIST 1493—AMERICAN HISTORY from 1865 to the Present Unit One Notes * Edwin Stanton- Secretary of war. He was in agreement with the radical republicans on the reconstruction. President Johnson called him a traitor and no longer wanted him in his cabinet. * Benjamin Wade- Ohio republican, was the President pro tempore of the United States senate in 1868. With the removal of President Johnson he was next to become president. * Ulysses S. Grant-Leader of men and a war hero. He won the election of 1868 with the help of freedmen. Radical reconstruction was carried out during his two terms. Became the unanimous nominee for the Republican Party. His first term revolved around money. He had inexperience in politics, his near worship of men who had made large fortune and blind loyalty to friends all combined to rock the Grant presidency with incompetence and scandal. * James A. Garfield-Representative famous man implicated in the credit Mobilier scandal.1880 election Garfield was nominated as compromise candidate. Garfield was a Latin scholar, a mathematician, a former college president. Garfield’s presidency was cut short when he was shot on July 2, 1881. * William Jennings Bryan- He was nominated by Populist Party. Bryan delivered an electrifying speech that brought his supporters to their feet a standing ovation. He traveled 18,000 miles and delivered 600 speeches. * Grover Cleveland- Democratic president from 1893-1894. President after Arthur governor of New York. Mayor of Buffalo New York. Most consent advocate of a term he true laissee-faire philosophy. Actually read the bills vetoed ones he deemed during his admistration. He vetoed the Blair bill. He ordered that the captured confederate flags should be returned to their respective states. He won the election of 1888. During this election he wanted to lower the tariff rates. His chances for election were damaged with a relationship with the governor of New York. During his term he had vetoed a few hundred private pension bills for Civil War veterans. In 1890 he passed a bill similar to the Blair bill he vetoed earlier. He is the only president to get elected in two non-consecutive terms. * Rutherford Hayes- Hayes was believed to be the perfect candidate to counter the scandals of the Grant administration Compromise of 1877 consisted of agreements on part of the President Hayes to give land grants and loans to build railroads across the south, federal subsidies to make improvements in the south. Few administrations, few of the agreements were effectively implemented. Reconstruction was officially over with the removal of thousands of troops in 1877. Republican governor of Ohio he only served one term. During the railroad strike he used federal troops for court orders in the east which was found most effective. * William Randolph Hearst- Newspaper heavyweight was frustrated in his efforts to become president and unusually hostile to the standard oil company formed his own third party. * Chester A. Arthur-Supported the Chinese in 1882 and passed the Chinese exclusion act, which prohibited most new Chinese immigration to the United States. Was a collector in the custom house during the corruption 1880 he selected as the vice president running mate. He was sworn in the presidency in September 1881. He became the twenty first president by default. He was a well-read man of above average intellectual abilities which was to counteract his negative reputation. Arthur’s presidency was proved mediocre. His campaign for the Navy in 1883 cleared the way for modern Navy that developed in the 20th century. In 1884 he sought the Republican Party nomination to run for a second term. * Alfred T. Mahan- His writing promoted the cause of imperialism by providing a strategic argument for its justification. 1890 he wrote a book arguing the national greatness and wealth of all former great powers had flowed from