Chapter 4. Key Terms

1. Hellenistic: Term used to designate ancient Greece’s language, culture, and civilization.

2. Macedon: Weaker, less culturally advanced state on Greece’s northern border that was unified and led to power by Philip II and Alexander the Great.

3. Philip II: King of Macedon and father of Alexander the Great, he was a brilliant soldier and statesman who conquered the Greek world.

4. Alexander the Great： King of Macedon and conqueror of the Persian Empire, he spread Greek civilization to western Asia, Egypt, and India.

5. Alexandria: Thriving Hellenistic city in northern Egypt founded by Alexander the Great in 332 B.C.

6. Cleopatra: She was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, a family of Greek origin that ruled Egypt after Alexander the Great's death during the Hellenistic period.

7. Seleucids: Dynasty founded by Seleucus and government by rulers of Anatolia rom 312 to 64 B.C., it established seventy colonies throughout the Near East.

8. Ptolemaic Egypt: Alexandria’s friend. After Alexandria death (11 June 323), Ptolemy became satrap of Egypt, and started to behave himself rather independently.

9. Euclid: 300 BC, also known as Euclid of Alexandria, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the "Father of Geometry". He was active in Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy I (323–283 BC). His Elements is one of the most influential works in the history of mathematics, serving as the main textbook for teaching mathematics (especially geometry) from the time of its publication until the late 19th or early 20th century.

10. Archimedes: The greatest ancient Greek mathematician, Archimedes of Syracuse (287-212 B.C.) calculated the approximate value of pi