Black Codes – 1865-1866extend certain rights to blacks, restrict rights too – curfew, only work some jobs, no votes Freedmen’s Bureau – 1865 – 1872 The Bureau encouraged former plantation owners to rebuild their plantations, urged African Americans to gain employment, kept an eye on contracts between labor and management, and pushed both whites and blacks to work together as employers and employees rather than as masters and as slaves. Civil Rights Act of 1866 - intended to protect the civil rights of African- Americans, in the wake of the American Civil War. Military Reconstruction Acts (1867) - This act sought to rebuild the governments of the southern states using the governments of the northern states as examples. It was also implemented to ensure that the civil rights of the free blacks in the South by requiring the states in the South to include the rights of free blacks in their constitutions. The Military Reconstruction Act divided the South into five military districts. This act was a way that the Radical Republicans in Congress could punish the southern states that had previously made up the Confederacy. It was also a way that they could ensure rights for the free blacks in the South. Black Codes were against this, this canceled out the negative effects from that. Thirteenth Amendment – 1864 outlaws slavery Fourteenth Amendment – 1868 broad definition of citizenship, every equal, blacks can be citizens. Dred Scott v. Sandford = overruled Fifteenth Amendment – 1870. Right to vote Carpetbaggers - term Southerners gave to Northerners (also referred to as Yankees) who moved to the South during the Reconstruction era, between 1865 and 1877. Scalawags - southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party after the Civil War. Civil Rights Act of 1875 – very expansive – public places are to be accessible to EVERYONE.
“The Great China Market” Alfred Thayer Mahan - "the most important American strategist of the nineteenth century.” –markets await American business, merchant fleet, defensive naval force, territorial expansion, isthmian canal. Open Door policy - 1899 allowing multiple Imperial powers access to China, with none of them in control of that country
UBS’S. Maine - 1898. Sent to protect U.S. interests during the Cuban revolt against Spain, she exploded suddenly without warning and sank quickly, killing nearly three quarters of her crew. Started Spanish – American War “yellow journalism” - resents little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers William Randolph Hearst - Acquiring more newspapers, Hearst created a chain that numbered nearly 30 papers in major American cities at its peak. He later expanded to magazines, creating the largest newspaper and magazine business in the world. - Joseph Pulitzer – competed with Hearst for most widely read paper. John Hay - American statesman, diplomat, author, journalist, and private secretary and assistant to Abraham Lincoln “splendid little war” – Spanish – American War – over in 18 months, US won Henry Teller – Republican from Colorado Teller Amendment – 1898 Us has no intention of taking over Cuba as our territory Orville Platt – republican Connecticut Platt Amendment – 1901 revokes language of Teller amendment – Cuba can’t enter into treaty with anyone, US can protect Cuba.