CHAPTERS 10, 12, 14
1. What did Sam Patch represent?
In a market economy where skilled “arts” were being replaced by machine labor, Sam
Patch’s acts were a defiant protest against the changing times.

2. What intellectual movement influenced Transcendentalism?
The Transcendentalists found inspiration for their philosophy in a variety of diverse sources such as: Vedic thought, various religions, and German idealism.

3. What did Transcendentalists believe in?
The transcendentalists desired to ground their religion and philosophy in transcendental principles: principles not based on, or falsifiable by, physical experience, but deriving from the inner spiritual or mental essence of the human.

4. What did the Shakers believe in
(They attempted to make the college a state college, but Marshall ruled that the charter was legitimate and it was allowed to remain private.)

9. Who worked in the textile mills at Lowell?
Instead of relying primarily on child labor or a permanent working class, the Lowell mills employed daughters of New England farm families.

ESSAYS
1. Discuss the institution of slavery. Who were the planters, and what were their values?
How did the reality of slavery counter the planter’s ideas of paternalism? What were the ways in which slaves both coped with and resisted being enslaved?

The conditions slaves encountered varied widely, depending on the size of the farm or plantation, the crop being grown, the personality of the master, and whether he was an absentee owner. On small farms, slaves worked in the fields alongside their owners and had much closer contact with whites. On plantations, in contrast, most slaves dealt primarily with the overseer, who was paid by the size of the harvest he brought in and was therefore often harsh in his approach.
The more distant you are from the owner, such as field workers, the harder the work is. The ones that were closer to the owners were considered to be of higher status.
During cultivation and harvest, slaves were in the field for long hours. They were allowed a lunch break and a small rest before returning to work. Work was uncommon on Sundays, because this was considered a holy day and Saturdays