Grammatical Case and Singular Plural Essay

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Latin Midterms!
Declension Endings: 1st Declension Feminine Nouns Case | Singular | Plural | Nominative | puella | puellae | Genitive | puellae | puellarum | Dative | puellae | puellis | Accusative | puellam | puellas | Ablative | puellā | puellis |

Declension Endings:2nd Declension Masculine Nouns Case | Singular | Plural | Nominative | amīcus | amicī | Genitive | amīci | amicōrum | Dative | amīcō | amicīs | Accusative | amīcum | amicōs | Ablative | amīcō | amicīs |

When you have a masculine 2nd declension noun that ends in –er you take out the –e. So the Latin word for field ager its base would become agr-. Case | Singular | Plural | Nominative | Ager | Agri | Genitive | Agri | Agrorum | Dative | Agrō | Agrīs | Accusative | Agrum | Agrōs | Ablative | Agrō | Agrīs |

Declension Endings: 2nd Declension Neuter Nouns
In this gender the nominative and accusative endings match –um. This changes the plural also, the plural ending for Nom and Acc is -a Case | Singular | Plural | Nominative | Verbum | verba | Genitive | verbi | verborum | Dative | Verbō | verbīs | Accusative | Verbum | verba | Ablative | Verbō | verbīs |

Declension Endings: Regular 3rd Declension Nouns
Frater, Fratrīs, m, brother Case | Singular | Plural | Nominative | Frater/variable | Fratrēs | Genitive | Fratris | Fratrum | Dative | Fratrī | Fratribus | Accusative | Fratrem | Fratrēs | Ablative | Fratrē | Fratribus |

Declension Endings: 3rd Declension Neuter Nouns
Nōmen, Nominis, N, Name Case | Singular | Plural | Nominative | Nōmen/Variable | Nomina | Genitive | Nomenis | Nominum | Dative | Nominī | Nominibus | Acusative | Nōmen | Nomina | Ablative | Nominē | Nominibus |

Declension Endings: 3rd Declension iStem Nouns iStem M+F Nouns comes in two categories
A: The Genitive is the same as the nominative ex. Navis,Navis,f,ship
B: The base ends in two consecutive consonants ex. Arx, Arcis, f, castle
Genitive Pl. ends in –ium instead of -um
Navis, Navis, f, Ship Case | Singular | Plural | Nominative | Navis | Navēs | Genitive | Navis | Navium | Dative | Navī | Navibus | Accusative | Navem | Navēs | Ablative | Navē | Navibus |

Declension Endings: 3rd Declension iStem Neuter Nouns ends in –al –e -ar
Mare, Maris, N, sea Case | Singular | Plural | Nominative | Mare | Maria | Genitive | Maris | Marium | Dative | Marī | Maribus | Accusative | Mare | Maria | Ablative | Mara | Maribus |

Declension Endings: 4th Declension Nouns
Adventus, Adventūs, m, arrival Case | Singular | Plural | Nominative | Adventus | Adventūs | Genitive | Adventūs | Adventuum | Dative | Adventuī | Adventibus | Accusative | Adventum | Adventūs | Ablative | Adventū | Adventibus |

Declension Endings: 5th Declension Nouns
Rēs, Rei, f, thing Case | Singular | Plural | Nominative | Rēs | Rēs | Genitive | Reī | Rērum | Dative | Reī | Rēbus | Accusative | Rem | Rēs | Ablative | Rē | Rēbus |

Conjugations
A verb agrees with its noun in number and case
Nauta Navigat- The sailor is sailing
Nautae Navigant- The sailors are sailing
Femina et puella Navigant- The woman and the girl are sailing

First Conjugation: Present System Active Verbs
Voco, vocare, vocavi, vocatus, call
Voco: I call Vocabam: I used to call Vocabo: I wil/shall call Present Imperfect Future Person | S | P | S | P | S | P | 1st | voco | vocamus | Vocabam | Vocabamus | Vocabo | Vocabimus | 2nd | vocas | vocatis | Vocabas | Vocabatis | Vocabis | Vocabitis | 3rd | vocat | vocant | Vocabat | Vocabant | Vocabit | Vocabunt |

First Conjugation: Perfect System Active Verbs
Vocavi-I have been called Vocaveram-I had been called Vocavero-I will have been called Present Perfect Pluperfect Future Perfect Person | S | P | S | P | S | P | 1st | Vocavi | Vocavimus |

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