Human Movement System The combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems. (These systems work in conjunction to allow the human body a way to move)
Nervous System A conglomeration of billions of cells specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body. (Made up of the Peripheral and Central nervous systems)
Peripheral Nervous System Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body. (NERVES
ONLY)
Central Nervous System The portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord.
(BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD ONLY NO NERVES)
3 primary functions of the nervous system
1: Sensory (Function of Nervous System) The ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal or external environment.
2: Integrative (Function of Nervous System) The ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information to allow for proper decision making, which produces the appropriate response. 3: Motor (Function of Nervous System) The neuromuscular response to the sensory information.
The 3 functions work to Sense→Interpret→Respond
Anatomy of the Nervous System
Neuron The functional unit of the nervous system.
Sensory (Afferent) Neurons Respond to touch, light and other stimuli. Transmit nerve impulses from effector sites (such as muscles and organs) via receptors to the brain and spinal cord. (Muscle→Brain)
Interneurons Transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another.
Motor (efferent) Neurons Transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites.
(Brain→Muscle)
**Exmple of how neurons work- Person touches a hot object (Sensory/Afferent) neurons send signal to the brain (Interneurons) Once the brain has interpreted information to relays the signal to the hand to move it away from the object (Motor/efferent)
CNS- Primary function is to coordinate the activity of all parts of the body.
PNS-Consists of the nerves that connect the CNS to the external environment. This is how the CNS receives sensory input.
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The PNS has 2 subdivisions: 1. Somatic Nervous System- Consists of nerves that serve the outer areas of the body and skeletal muscle. Largely responsible for Voluntary Control of Movement 2. Autonomic Nervous
System (Auto response system such as Heart) Broken into 2 more subdivisions (Sympathetic and
Parasympathetic)
Because of how much the nervous system is responsible for, it is not as important for a personal trainer to understand the nervous system in extreme detail but more so, understand the basic responsibilities.
Mechanoreceptors Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues. (Respond to outside sources such as touch, pressure, stretching, sounds waves
Muscle Spindles Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change. (These help regulate contraction of muscle via the stretch stimulus reflex mechanism)
Golgi Tendon Organs Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change.
(Activation of the GTO will cause muscle to relax, which prevents the muscle from excessive stress or possibility of injury)
Joint Receptors Receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint. Skeletal System
Skeletal System The body’s framework, composed of bones and joints.
2 Classifications for the Skeleton
Axial Skeleton Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column.
Appendicular Skeleton Portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities.

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Osteoclasts A type of bone cell that removes bone tissue.
Osteoblasts A type of cell that is