ean Piaget an influential psychologist was the first to have made a systematic study of cognitive development. In his studies, he believes that our reasoning and understanding through maturation are because of biological and environmental factors. These factors are then described through several components such as schemas, processes that enable transition from one stage to another and the four stages of cognitive development. Schemas are like a structure of knowledge. It is from these mental blocks that we build a basis. Once a child has understood what is going on around them, it is said that they have reached a state of cognitive balance or equilibrium. Furthermore, he believed that newborn babies are born with innate schemas such as reflexes. These innate schemas are said to be believed they are the foundation that have been built into us such as rooting; the ability to turn its head to the direction of the touch as a way to find food; this is the moro reflex.

Processes that enable transition from one stage to another:
It is from the basis of information that we adapt or modify existing schemas to accommodate within society that we started to assimilate information so that we can continue to adapt and learn new interactions. However, there are times where we reach a frustration of being unable to adapt information to existing schemas. This is known as disequilibrium. Eventually, this frustration will desire to restore equilibrium by accommodating the new information.This will therefore continue into a cycle every time the child is presented with a new situation.

Piaget had broken down the mental processes he believed all children go