antagonists, etc.), alcohol use, diet (vegans are at particular risk for vitamin B 12 deficiency), gastrointestinal complaints (blood loss, malabsorption, gastric or terminal ileal surgery), menorrhagia history, cancer, impaired kidney/liver/thyroid function and chronic inflammation. Seek signs and symptoms that point to the etiology of the anemia (e.g., glossitis and koilonychia in iron deficiency, paresthesia in B 12 deficiency). Diagnostic algorithms are given as guidelines in Figure 2 - Diagnostic…
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