Spain, France, England, The Netherlands the four main colonizers of America mercantilism an economic system to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests; the colony existed only for the mother country Encomiendes a labor system employed by the Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of America and the Philippines Father La Casas Spanish priest who stood up for the rights of the Native Americans--instead of Native American slaves, he was for African Slaves Spain early colonizer of the Americas whose goals were to convert the natives to Catholicism, and gain military power and wealth creoles In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World. Elsewhere in the Americas, the term is used to describe all nonnative peoples. (p. 482) France early colonizer of America who tried for a partnership with the natives based on Fur trade in the north and Canada. For the most part, they peacefully coexisted The Netherlands early colonizer of America who was only there for economic reasons. Their turf was the Hudson Trading Post in New Amsterdam English early colonizer of America who thought it impossible to civilize the natives, and as a result many wars occurred. Used the Joint Stock Company system Joint Stock Company A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts. London Company the joint stock that founded Jamestown in 1607 Plymouth Company the Pilgrims used this joint stock to fund their trip to the Americas Pilgrims Religious separatists; William Bradford was their leader; penned the Mayflower Compact William Bradford governor of the Pilgrims Puritans Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization. predestination the belief that what happens in human life has already been determined by some higher power; a puritan belief Roger Williams He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs. Anne Hutchinson She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639. Chesapeake Colonies Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine, and Maryland Middle Colonies New York, New Jersey, Delaware Restoration Colonies Carolinas and Georgia Board of Trade and Plantations chief body in England for governing the colonies; the group gathered information, reviewed appointments in America and advised the monarch on colonial policy. Royal Colony the King had direct control of these colonies Proprietary Colony this kind of colony is founded by private parties and has appointed governors Self-Governing Colony this kind of colony was granted a charter and was virtually left alone Virtual Representation British governmental theory that Parliament spoke for all British subjects, including Americans, even if