Almost every mechanical movement that we see around us is accomplished by an electric motor. Electric machines are means of converting energy. Motors take electrical energy and produce mechanical energy. Electric motor is used to power hundreds of devices we use in everyday life. An example of small motor applications includes motors used in automobiles, robot, hand power tools and food blenders. Micro-machines are electric machines with parts the size of red blood cells and find many applications in medicine.

8. L293D:

The L293D are quadruple high-current half -H drivers. The L293 is designed to provide bidirectional drive currents of up to 1A at voltage from 4.5V to 36V. The L293D is designed to provide bidirectional drive currents of …show more content…
Bluetooth Controller App.

 Power supply Design

• 7809 IC Rating:

Input voltage range: 12V to 35V 2. Current rating (Ic): 1A 3. Output voltage range: Vmax =9.1V, Vmin =8.9V Transformer: We choose a 12-0-12 transformer with current rating 1A.
• Filter Capacitor:

Knowledge of ripple factor is essential while designing the values of capacitors. It is given by,
√Y = 1/(4 3 ∗ f ∗ R ∗ C) Where, f = frequency of AC = 50Hz. R = Resistance calculated.

R = V/Ic

R = 12V/1A = 12Ω
Y = Vmax − Vmin
Y = 0.2

C = √1/(4 3 ∗ f ∗ Y ∗ R)

C= √1/(4 3 ∗ 50 ∗ 0.2 ∗ 12)
C=1202microf But, practically we used 1000micro Of capacitor.

 PCB Design Procedure

PCB Design steps:-
• For layout purpose use the software Express PCB.

• From the proper circuit diagram make the layout in the software.

• Print the layout on photo paper by using laser printer.

• Press the layout on copper clad by using iron.

• Etching the PCB by using FeCl3 solution.

• Drilling the PCB by using drilling machine.

• Mount the component on the component side of PCB.

• Soldering the component.

Layout of Wireless Robot using Smartphone Layout

Figure: Layout of power supply
 Flowchart

Figure: …show more content…
The voltage rating of transformer used is 0-12V and the current rating is 1A. When AC voltage of 230V is applied across the primary winding an output AC voltage of 12V is obtained. One alteration of input causes the top of transformer to be positive and the bottom negative.
 Rectifier:
A rectifier is an electronic device that converts Alternating current (AC), which periodi- cally reverses the direction, to the direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The process is known as rectification. A full wave rectifier converts the whole of input waveform to one of the constant polarity (positive or negative) at its output. Full wave rectification converts both polarities of input waveform to pulsating DC and yields a higher average output voltage.
 Filter:

To remove AC components or filter them out in a rectifier circuit, a filter circuit is used. A filter circuit is a device to remove the AC components of rectified output, but allows the DC components to reach the load. Capacitor is connected after the rectifier, during the rise of voltage cycle it gets charged and this charge is supply to the load during the fall in voltage cycle. This process is repeated for each cycle and thus repel is reduced across the