True and False * All true accept for 4 & 5 Multiple Choice Answers 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. C 1. C 1. B 1. D 1. A Short Answer 1. Provide a description of the rock cycle, 3 types of rock classification (define, page 134-135)
The rock cycle is a creation, destruction and metamorphosis.
The 3 types of rock classification are: 1. Igneous: the most common rock-type in the earths interior. 1. Sedimentary: formed from crystals that precipitate out of, or grow from a solution. 2. Metamorphic: Preexisting rocks can be modified by heat, pressure and chemical agents to create new forms.

1. Distinguish between chemical and mechanical weathering, a short definition of economic mineralogy (page 136)
Mechanical Weathering is the physical breakup of rocks into smaller particles without a change in chemical composition of the constituent minerals
Chemical Weathering is the selective removal or alteration of specific components that leads to weakening and disintegration of rock.
Economic Mineralogy: the study of minerals that are valuable for manufacturing and are, therefore, an important part of domestic and international commerce.

1. What are some environmental hazards associated with mineral extraction (page 139) list 3 geological hazards and brief definition (volcano, landslide, earthquake)
3 Geological Hazards are: 1. Volcano: Vents in the earth's surface through which gases, ash or molten lava are ejected. 1. Earthquakes: Sudden movements in the earth's crust that occur along faults where one rock mass slides past another one. 1. Landslides: mass movements of soil or rock downslope and are a major natural hazard in Canada.

1. (page137-139) 3 groups of metals
Metals: iron, aluminum, manganese, copper and chromium.
Nonmetal: a broad class that covers resources from silicate minerals to sand, gravel, salts, limestone and soils.
Strategic: those that a country uses but cannot produce itself.

1. (page 152)a list 4 layer envelopes, briefly describe.
Troposphere: the layer of sir immediately adjacent to earth's surface.
Stratophere: extends from the tropopause up to about 45km
Mesosphere: middle layer
Thermosphere: a region of highly ionized gases, extending out to about 1600km

1. Green-house effect (page 153, figure 8-3) albedo-define
Green-house Effect: the atmosphere absorbs or reflects about half of the solar energy reaching the earth. Most of the energy reemitted from the earth's surface is long-wave, infrared energy. Most of this infrared energy is absorbed by aerosols and gases in the atmosphere and is