DNA and Genes Study Guide
DNA
1. Nucleotides
2. Nitrogen bases, phosphate groups, and sugar
3. Deoxyribose and phosphate
4. DNA Replication
5. A complimentary strand is paired with a DNA strand
6. In the cell’s nucleus
7. Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine
8. Adenine pairs with Thymine and Cytosine pairs with Guanine
9. Double helix
10. Nucleus
RNA
11. Nucleotides
12. Ribose sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogen bases
13. Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine
14. Adenine pairs with Uracil and Cytosine pairs with Guanine
15. Messenger RNA, Transfer RNA, and Ribose RNA
16. MRNA: transcribes the genetic code from DNA into a form that can be read and used to make proteins. MRNA carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell. TRNA: Transfer RNA brings or transfers amino acids to the ribosome that corresponds to each three-nucleotide codon of rRNA. The amino acids then can be joined together and processed to make polypeptides and proteins. RRNA: directs the translation of mRNA into proteins.
17. MRNA: nucleus
TRNA and RRNA: cytoplasm
18. DNA and RNA both carry genetic information and they both use the three nitrogen bases A, C, and G.
19. DNA and RNA are different because RNA uses U instead of T and DNA is only found in the nucleus whereas RNA is found throughout the cell.
20. Transcription is the synthesis of an RNA strand from a DNA template. A gene's protein building instructions are transcribed to messenger RNA (mRNA). MRNA carries the code from DNA to the ribosomes where translation into a protein occurs.
21. Ribosomes
22. mRNA
23. Translation is the process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins. In translation, RNA (mRNA)—produced by transcription from DNA—is decoded by a ribosome to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide.
24. mRNA
25. Ribosomes
26. A codon is a sequence of 3 nucleotides that together form a genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule and are found in mRNA. An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of