1. a) 1011 0111 – 1101 1000 → 1011 0111 + 0010 0100 = 1101 1011 → -0010 0101
b) 1010 1001 – 1010 0101 → 1010 1001 + 0101 1011 = 0000 0100
2. a) 1101 0100 1011 + 0011 1111 0000 = 0001 0011 1011
b) 0000 1010 0101 – 1010 1001 1001 → 0000 1010 0101 + 0101 0110 0111 = 0110 0000 1100
3. 1025.625 → 100 0000 0001.101, 127 + 10 = 1000 1001, 1.0000 0000 0110 1 * 2^10 → 0 1000 1001 0000 0000 0110 1000 0000 0000
4. a) 0001 1000 0111 0101 + 0010 0111 0011 0100 0011 1111 1010 1001 +0110+0110 0011 1001 0000 1001 b) 0100 1001 0011 1000 + 0010 1000 0101 0101 0111 0001 1000 1101 +0110 0111 0001 1000 0011

5. a) A
b) 1
c) A
d) 0
6.
x y (x+y)' x'y' 0
0
1
1

0
1
0
0

1
0
0
0

1
1
0
0

x y x'y' x'y xy' xy 0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
7. ^above
8.
A
B
C
D
A(CD+B)
BC'
A(CD+B)+BC'
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9. Bitmap images are stored as a series of tiny dots called pixels. Each pixel is a small square that is assigned a color, then arranged in a pattern to form an image. Bitmap images are displayed as monochrome, gray scale, or color graphics. They are frequently stored as large files,