• Preexisiting maternal conditions: heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, and renal disease • Maternal factors such as age and parity • Medical conditions related to pregnancy and their associated complications • Pregnancy complications such as abruptio placentae, oligohydramnios, preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, and preeclamsia • EFHM, fetal heart ascultation by Doppler detects stress or distress on fetus • Apgar score is also a helpful…
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