Commerce Notes
: Employment Issues ~ NOTE~
Wage
: non­professional job, hourly rate
Salary
: professional occupation, yearly rate of pay What is work?
“any physical or mental activity that constitutes a job and for which some form of payment is received” Why do people work?
3 categories
: Financial, Social, Personal.

Types of Employment:
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1.
Industry
Primary ­ raw material from nature secondary ­ using raw materials
Tertiary ­Distribution of goods and services
Quaternary ­ Info and communications
Quinary ­ personal services

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2.
Occupation
Professionals
Managers
Construction workers
Hospitality
Clerk… etc

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3.
Basis of employment full time part time casual self employed volunteer Most people in Australia are protected by
● Fair Work Commission > Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth)
● Fair Work Ombudsman
● Industrial Relations Act

Full Time Employment
A full time employee is one who is employed on a permanent or ongoing basis and works on average for 38 hours a week.
Benefits
: sick leave, annual leave, superannuation, long service leave
­ ADVANTAGES:
● benefits
● permanent employment
● annual salary/wage ­ DISADVANTAGES:
● ­38 hour week
● less time for personal life
● lock in contract Part Time Employment
A part time employee is employed on a permanent basis and works for less than 38 hours per week. pro­rata pay and entitlements (a proportion of full time pay and entitlements as a percentage.)
­ ADVANTAGES:
● pro­rate benefits
● Clear terms
● less than 38 hour week
● secure contract ­ DISADVANTAGES:
● smaller weekly pay
● reduced entitlements Casual Employment
­ no guaranteed work hours
­ irregular hours
­ no benefits
­ employer can end employment without giving notice unless notice required by a registered agreement, award or employment contract
­ ADVANTAGES:
● flexible hours
● higher pay
­ DISADVANTAGES:
● no benefits
● no notice needed for termination
● not secure

Self Employment:
Work for yourself manage everything ­ hours of work, super, benefits, etc
­ ADVANTAGES:
● determine every aspect of your job for yourself
● freedom/flexibility
● tax advantages ­ DISADVANTAGES:
● no guaranteed pay
● lack of security Volunteer:
Unpaid work, no benefits Level of skill:
­ skilled:
● formal qualifications in a particular field
● tertiary education
● eg teacher, doctor, plumber
­ semi­skilled:
● minimum training and/or qualification
● eg bus driver
­ unskilled :
● no formal qualifications
● eg cleaner
Sector
Public sector: government employment (federal, state, local)
Private sector
: private enterprise, non government business Collar
● not used much any more
● blue collar worker: tradesman
● white collar worker: professional

Changing work patterns:
The way in which Australian work, the type of work done, and how work has undergone significant changes over time. Not static consistently changing.
The Labour Force: All persons 15 years or over who are employed or unemplyed
Unemployed:
Not working but actively seeking work need to be registered with centrelink 1. Changing Industries
­ primary industry work was the foremost industry when Australia settled
­ people used to do things by hand
­ as technology takes over, less people are needed in the primary industry
­ however, Australia is rich in natural resources, and so more people are needed to work with it
(primary industry)
­ mid 1800’s ­ 1950’s/80’s: secondary industry thrived
­ manufacturing
­ migrants working in factories, no English needed
­ now, machines do everything, so tertiary thrives 2. Casualization of the labor force:
Since 1990’s there has been a decrease in the numbers of people employed on a full­time or part time basis and an increase of the number of individuals employed on a casual basis
Reasons:
● /er doesn't have to pay some benefits and entitlements
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