For your Nation
­ Identify why it entered into a period of decline (multiple reasons, be specific)
­ How did your Nation approach reform after it’s decline
­List three big players (people) and why they were impactful to the reform
­Were the reforms successful (Be clear on how you define success) Use Size 8 Font. Reasons For Decline:
● Weak Militaries (ex: outdated weapons)
● Weak Economies (ex: debt)
● Foreign Control, Influence
● Dependent on Foreign Loans

Ottoman Empire

China

Russia

Japan

Reason for
Decline
(Be specific & when) Reform
Movements
(Be specific, what were their goals, & when)

­Ottoman economy dependant on foreign loans
­Capitulation by Europeans
­Loss of Territory (Greece,
Egypt)
­Military Weakness: revolt of the Janissaries

­Mehmed II:
Legal and Education
Reform
Strengthened Military ith
European tactics
Young Turks
­universal sovereignty

~Opium Trade (Trades opium for silver thus losing large amounts of silver) corrupt officials
~many people with drug problems
~illegal trade decreased economic control ~Opium War (europe vs China)
Europe won,
~Unequal treaties (treaty of nanjing ect.) ~100 day reform (tried to reform China into a constitutional monarchy)
~Empress nullified reforms
~Taiping defeat (tried to bring radical reform to China)
BOXER REBELLION

Russia lost to the Europeans industrial powers during the Crimean War.
Serfdom led to social unrest and then the abolition of serfdom led to dis-contented factory workers.
The peasant rebellions and strikes led to anarchist revolutions (they were suppressed by the government. this oppression led to terrorism)
Alexander II DIED.
THE REIGN OF NICOLAS II -BLOODY
SUNDAY, 100 PEOPLE KILLED LED TO
UPROAR AND ESTABLISHMENT OF
DUMA.

Declining agricultural production, crop failures and famines, harsh taxation, cultivators had to sell land, rice and other commodities increased which lead to economic decrease, foreign pressures from the us and britain, SHIPS WERE DENIED
ENTRANCE TO THE
COUNTRY

abolition of serfdom ­ to stop unfree labor and its economic hindrances
Established zemstvos­ district assemblies to deal with local issues
Judiciary reform of courts witty system to stimulate economic reform 1841­1843 Mizuno Tadakuni initiated measures to reduce economic decline, CANCELED DEBTS,
ABOLISHED GUILDS,
ENCOURAGED PEASANTS
TO MOVE TO THE CITIES
A BRIEF CIVIL WAR
1853 COMMONER PERRY
PRESSURES JAPAN TO
OPEN DOORS,
OTHERS