The Cold War (1947­1991)
The cold war was the name given to the relationship between U.S.A and the U.S.S.R after WW2. The goal was to dominate international affairs, and expand around the world. It was a battle between capitalists against communists and there was much tension because of the newly developed atomic bomb. Countries raced to build large stockpiles of nuclear weapons to achieve nuclear deterrence. If one side used nuclear weapons. the other side would retaliate, it was
MAD
(mutually assured destruction). Thesis­
During the Cold War, Canada played more of a neutral role opposed to entirely allying with
U.S.A and maintained positive International relationships. The Gouzenko Affair­ September 5 1945
On the evening of September 5, 1945 Igor Gouzenko, a cipher clerk for the military attache
Colonel spotted something odd. Nikolai Zabotin of the Soviet embassy in Ottawa, left the embassy carrying a number of secret documents. He took these documents from him,Gouzenko tried to give the documents to the Ottawa Journal and to the Minister of Justice but got turned away. Frustrated and fearful, he returned to his Somerset Street apartment on the evening of September 6 with his wife and child and appealed to his neighbors for help. One of them alerted the Ottawa City Police while another took the Gouzenko family in for the night. Meanwhile, officials from the Soviet embassy forced their way into Gouzenko's apartment. When Ottawa City Police arrived on the scene, there was an angry exchange and the Soviets left without their cipher clerk or the stolen documents. After that he turned over the documents that he had taken from the Soviet embassy to the RCMP. These papers proved the existence of a Soviet spy network operating inside several government departments in Canada and in the British High Commission in Ottawa. The Soviets also had a spy network in the joint
Canadian­British atomic research project to obtain secret atomic information from Canada, Great
Britain and the United States. On February 5, 1946 Prime Minister King informed his Cabinet about the
Gouzenko case. Ten days later, after the first arrests were made, King informed Canadians of the creation of the Royal Commission to Investigate. Nato­ April 4th 1949
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) established in 1949, was Canada's first peacetime military alliance, placing the nation in a defensive military arrangement with the US, Britain and the nations of western Europe. In 1947 there was concern in Ottawa as the Soviet Union were creating a buffer zone in eastern Europe between itself and West Germany. The USSR was apparently pursuing a policy of aggressive military expansion and there was real fear that France or Italy might become communist. There were Also threats that the Soviet Union were putting heavy funding into the Nuclear
Bomb to have as many as possible in preparation for war. Avro Arrow Project­ 1949­1959
● After the start of the Cold War, Canada became concerned about the possibility of a surprise attack from the U.S.S.R, Canada would spend the most money on military and defence than on any other budget item for the next 15 years.
● In 1953, the government agreed to pay for a new aircraft for the RCAF­ using the best technology available

● Air frames would be produced in Canada at a cost of $27 million over 5 years. 11 prototypes and a pre­production order were agreed at a cost of $ 190 million, later a further $70 million was committed to manufacture.
● Using a Canadian aircraft company A.V Roe Canada, they built the Arrow or CF­105. These planes would be stationed all across Canada to be called into action if enemy aircraft was sighted ● On October 4 1957,the Arrow was presented, but it was overshadowed by the launch of the soviet sputnik, the first artificial aircraft satellite to be put into orbit around earth
● Scientists believed that this technology could lead to