1. Open the virtual lab: The Cell Cycle and Cancer
2. Click on the Laboratory Exercise link.
3. Click on the microscope in the lab simulation to examine the different stages of mitosis as they appear in different tissue samples. Three types of tissue are available for examination: lung, stomach, and ovary. Samples of normal tissue and cancerous tissue are included. Click on the tissue box to examine different tissues. Examine both normal and cancerous tissue for lung and ovary tissue type only. Follow the instructions to label each stage of the cell cycle.
4. Record the number of cells in each stage of the cell cycle in Table 1 for normal tissues and Table 2 for cancerous tissues. You must examine three different views of each tissue type and condition – click reset to view alternate samples of each tissue type until you have recorded the number of cells in each stage of the cell cycle for 3 different samples of each tissue.
5. Calculate the average Mitotic Index (% cells dividing) and average % cells at rest for normal tissues. Record these numbers in Table 3 and 4 on your worksheet.
To calculate the average % cells at rest in normal tissue:
1. (# cells in Interphase in Sample 1 + # cells in Interphase in sample 2) = total # cells at rest. 2. (total # cells at rest/total #cells in both samples) X 100 = average % cells at rest
To calculate the Mitotic Index - average % cells dividing - in normal tissue: 1. (#cells in mitosis in Sample 1 + #cells in mitosis in Sample 2)/2 = avg. #cells dividing 2. (avg. # cells dividing/total # cells) X 100 = average % cells dividing
Table 1: Number of cells in each stage of the cell cycle observed in normal tissues.
Chapter 19 - Reproductive Systems 19.1 Introduction (p. 520) A. Male and female reproductive systems are a series of glands and tubes that produce and nurture sex cells, and transport them to the site of fertilization. 19.2 Organs of the Male Reproductive System (p. 520; Fig. 19.1; Table 19.1) A. The male sex organs are designed to transport sperm to eggs. B. Primary sex organs (gonads) produce sperm and hormones; accessory sex organs have a supportive function. C. Testes (p. 520) 1…
somatostatin May cells Adrenal gland -cortex=aldosterone, cortisol, sex hormone -medulla-epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine Adrenaline PRODUCTION OF THYROID HORMONE ; (11.5 pg 337) The thyroid secretes: * Thyroxine (t4) * Triodothryonine (t3) * Needed for proper growth and development and are primarily responsible for determining basal metabolic rate. * Thyroid gland * Third hormone produced by thyroid gland: Calcitonin made by parafollicular cells. * reduce calcium…
Primary sex organs (gonads) : testes in males & ovaries in females. Produce sex cells (gametes) and secrete a variety of steroid hormones, called sex hormones. Androgens in males & estrogen and progesterone in females. Accessory reproductive organs: ducts, glands, and external genitalia. Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System ○ Sperm-producing testes lie within scrotum. The sperm then travels through the epididymis, the ductus (vans) deferens, the ejaculatory duct, and finally the urethra which…
Course: BIO111 Section: Module 3: Cell Reproduction Instructor: Jennifer Ott Date: 16Nov2014 Abstract: The purpose of the cell reproduction laboratory is to explore the similarities and differences between the cell cycle of normal cells and cancer cells. During the course of the experiment, three types of tissues, lung, stomach and ovary, were observed. Normal and cancerous cells were examined under a microscope and the phases of the cells were recorded in a data table.…
flexible body movement. The flat bones of the skull, ribs, and breastbone contain red bone marrow that manufactures blood cells. 3. A long bone consists of a central medullary cavity surrounded by compact bone. Ends are composed of spongy bone surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone and covered with hyaline cartilage. Compact bone contains many osteons (Haversian systems); bone cells in tiny chambers (lacunae) are arranged in concentric circles around central canals. Spongy bone has numerous plates…
cancer because the ovaries of post-menopausal women become smaller and folded. This folding results in deep cleft formations and formation of smaller cysts lined with ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells. The other risk factors are: nulliparity, family history, history of fertility drug use and endocrine disorders. Multiparity, use of oral contraceptives, pregnancy and lactation all are associated with lower risk of ovarian cancer because of the decreased number of ovulation cycles. Molecular alterations…
It is unlikely to find all of the structures within a cell because many of them do not happen all in one phase. One example is the cleavage furrow. This only happens during telophase. Also, these images are super small, and thus, may be difficult to located. In Both structures of the cells, the 2n number is 4. The purpose of mitosis, otherwise known as Cell or Nuclear division, is cell regeneration, growth, and asexual reproduction,while the purpose of meiosis is the production of gametes…
Structural relationship: The pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland located immediately beneath the hypothalamus connected by the pituitary stalk, or more technically, the infundibulum. Posterior Pituitary Lobe is a down growth of hypothalamic neural tissue. Anterior Pituitary Lobe has vascular connection to hypothalamus. Functional relationship: The hypothalamus controls release of hormones from the pituitary gland in two different ways: -Posterior pituitary lobe has a neural connection with the…
OBJECTIVES FOR TODAY ANATOMY/ RESPONSE CYCLE & HEALTH ISSUES Q and A U of A Survey Embryonic Development brief Female Sexual Anatomy Male Sexual Anatomy Sexual Response Cycle Health Issues ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Embryonic Development CHROMOSOMES 23 from males, 23 from female - form 23 pairs. Ovum has X chromosomes sperm has X or Y chromosomes XX - female embryo XY - male embryo 5-6 wks primitive gonads, ducts, external genital 7 wks begins to differentiate to male/female…
fruits we eat along with the colorful flowers we see in a garden. In this lesson, we will look at how angiosperms reproduce. Life Cycle of Angiosperms The angiosperm life cycle begins with the development of the flower. The anthers and the ovary are the reproductive parts. Each cell inside the anther undergoes meiosis and produces four haploid spore cells. Each of these cells becomes a single pollen grain. Within each pollen grain, the nucleus undergoes one mitotic division to produce two haploid nuclei…
