Study Guide – DNA Name: _______________________
Chapters 8 & 9 Date: ______________ Pd: ____
1. Draw a picture of a nucleotide. Label the phosphate, the deoxyribose sugar, and the nitrogen base. Which parts make up the backbone?
2. Compare and Contrast DNA and RNA:
| DNA |RNA |
|a. contains the sugar deoxyribose | |
|b. |has the bases A,C,G, and U |
|c. typically double-stranded | |
3. Matching: Match the scientist(s) to the appropriate discovery about DNA.
_____ DNA always has equal amounts of A-T and C-G. a. Watson and Crick
_____ Created first 3-D DNA model out of metal and wood. b. Chargoff
_____ The bonds that link amino acids together. c. Hydrogen bond
_____ The bonds that hold the bases together. f. Peptide bond
4. True or False:
_____ a. In a DNA molecule, the nitrogen base adenine always pairs with the nitrogen base guanine.
_____ d. The smallest unit or monomer of DNA is a phosphate.
_____ e. The backbone of DNA is composed of a phosphate and a deoxyribose sugar.
_____ f. DNA stands for ribonucleic acid
_____ g. DNA is a double helix.
5. Write the complementary base pairs that would complete the DNA strand below.
TAC AGG TTC ACT
6. Transcribe the DNA molecule into an RNA molecule.
TAC AGG TTC ACT
7. Translate the RNA molecule into the appropriate amino acid sequence (use your chart!).
8. Use the words in the following list to fill in the blanks.
DNA polymerase RNA polymerase replication transcription nucleotide messenger RNA ribosomal RNA transfer RNA central dogma translation codon anticodon
a. When DNA is copied during interphase, this process is known as ___________.
b. The enzyme that joins the nucleotides during replication and proofreads is _____________________.
c. DNA to RNA to proteins is known as the ________________________ of molecular biology.
d. _______________ is the type of RNA that carries the genetic code to the ribosome to make proteins.
e. _______________ is the process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce an RNA strand.
f. _________________ brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make a protein.
g. The process that decodes a mRNA strand into a polypeptide (then to a protein) is ________________.
h. A ________ is a 3-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid. An __________ is a set of 3-nucleotides that is complementary to an mRNA codon.
9. A mutation is a change in an organisms DNA. Below is a string of nucleotides. (1) Use brackets to indicate the reading frame of the nucleotide sequence. (2) Copy the nucleotide sequence into the first box
Biology Study Guide: Methodology Unit 1 MADE BY: Chris Rhee Types of variables: Independent Variable: Also known as the manipulated variable. It is the variable that is changed or manipulated by the scientist. Dependent Variable: Also known as the responding variable. It is the variable that is affected by the independent variable. Control Variable: The variable that nothing is done to better see the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. Standardized Variable: The variables…
Commission on Ocean Policy, a working group tasked with the development of what would be known as the “National Oceans Report” Definition of environmental science & scientific disciplines involved Interdisciplinary study of human relationships with other organisms. Includes: - Biology -Ecology - Geography - Chemistry - Sociology Major components of blood Red cells White cells Plasma Platelets Seven basic functions of respiratory system - delivers oxygen - expels carbon dioxide…
removing a phosphate group and releasing energy for cellular processes. There are 92 naturally occurring elements. 25 of them are essential to life. Reductionism seeks to reduce complex systems to simpler, more manageable components. Systems biology seeks to understand how all the parts function together. When the proton number and the electron number are unequal, the atom or molecule is an ion. The carbon atom is tetravalent; this means that a carbon atom can complete its valence shell…
“Just Because You're A Bird Doesn't Mean You Can Fly..” Imagine waking up everyday knowing that the minute you step foot out your front door people are going to stare and judge you constantly. People you don't even know are going to look at you and feel a sense of pitty and disbelief. Picture yourself sitting in a classroom full of people knowing that you are different but not being able to figure out why. Children everyday around the world are being diagnosed with Autism Disease. “Just because…
Biology Honors Study Guide 1.1 All organisms are interdependent, and humans are organisms. In order to understand life on earth and the future of humans and other organisms. Biologists study interactions between living things and their (our) environment In order to be considered alive and organism must have the following characteristics living things: Organism: any living individual 8 Common traits: 1. Have cell structure (organized) Number one (unicellular) to many (multicellular)…
Chapter 6 Explain what free energy is and how it can be used to predict the energetic outcome of chemical reactions.Free energy is defined as the energy available to do work in any system. The free energy is denoted by the symbol G. G = H – TS* H: the energy contained in a molecule’s chemical bonds, called enthalpy.* TS: the energy term related to the degree of disorder in the system. T is the absolute temperature (K), and S is the entropy.We can use the change in free energy to predict whether…
BIO STUDY GUIDE (DNA) DNA STRUCTURE/DNA REPLICATION 6-Watson and Crick: Used Franklin’s and Chargaff’s info to make the first ever accurate DNA model 1-DNA is double helix and is built from nucleotides which consist of a phosphate, a base, and a sugar. The bases include G,C,A,T which are connected by hydrogen bonds. DNA polymerase is also located behind the DNA where bases connect to each other. 4/8-A=T and G=C only these combinations can form hydrogen bonds. 4-A nucleotide consists of a…
all of the sources we chose will be available for academic research when you want to evaluate your relevance sources, which are sources that pertain to you. As stated before make sure your sources are credible. Ask questions, and use questions to guide you research. Questions are important when you have your research claim. You use questions to answer your claim. Skim throughout your sources to make sure that you can use it and that it will help your research. When it comes to online sources it…
Biology 32-Anatomy Lecture Test 1 Study Guide Spring 2013 Chapter 1 Define the following words: Anatomy- “a cutting open” study of internal and external structures in the body Physiology- study of how living organisms perform their vital functions -Know the principle of complementarity of structure and function what a structure can do depends on its form -Know the levels of structural organization Chemical: Atoms and molecules Cellular: Cells and their…
Lab 1 1. Steps of the scientific method: Observe – Recognize problem or unanswered question. Hypothesize – develop hypothesis to explain problem Experiment – design and perform experiment to test hypothesis Collect and Analyze Data – analyze and interpret data to reach conclusions Communicate – share new knowledge with other scientists. 2. Qualitative vs Quantitative Data Quantitative – deals with numerical data; can be measured; length, height; weight; Quantitative---->Quantity Qualitative –…