26. HBV – hepatitis B virus. Attacks the liver, transmitted via bodily fluids, produces flu-like S(x). (368)1
c. HBV can live outside of the body for 1 week
27. Insulin – induces hypoglycemia when too little glucose is present a. Liver regulates the amount of glucose in the blood (blood composition) b. Stomach secretes hormones for food breakdown (i.e. gastrin, ghrelin, etc.) c. Kidneys secrete EPO and Calcitriol d. Spleen purifies blood and acts as a part of the immune system e. Pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon to alter blood glucose levels
28. n/a. (323)1 a. SAM splint will not cover both the ankle and knee joints adequately
b. Air splint will create compression on the fracture site and will not be able to be used with an obvious F(x)
c. Stax splints are used to immobilize the phalanges, specifically the fingers
d. Rapid form vacuum splint will mold to the contour of the fracture without creating compression or discomfort
e. Half-ring traction splints are used when immediate traction is necessary (i.e. femur fracture)
29. n/a
a. Slight forward rotation will create more space inside the helmet without extraneous cervical movement
b. Backward rotation will create unnecessary cervical extension c – d. Neutral spine should always be maintained
e. Under ideal circumstances, the helmet will not have to be rotated if the air is deflated and ear pieces are removed; however, some forward rotation may be necessary to loosen the helmet
30. n/a a. Supine and head elevated position will not compromise blood pressure b, d. Prone and legs elevated will cause intracranial blood pressure to increase due to gravitational force
c. Recovery position may compromise blood pressure
e. Prone and head elevated may affect the drainage of bodily fluids in the throat
31. n/a a. Deviated trachea may appear as an affect of compromised ventilation system b, e. Indicative of a skull fracture c. Indicative of an innominate bone fracture d. Indicative of intracranial hemorrhage
32. n/a. (314-15)1
a. Although a vacuum splint will provide compression, this option is irrelevant since no fracture is present and direct compression is not effective
b. The radial pulse is located in the arm
c. A tourniquet is only used as a last resort to control bleeding, usually in remote locations
d. After direct pressure, apply pressure to the extremity’s major proximal artery is the best method for controlling bleeding
e. EMS should be activated in the case of severe bleeding, but more aggressive steps need to be taken until EMS arrives
33. n/a a. One, slow breath every 3 seconds is recommended for child rescue breathing
34. n/a. (312)2 a – b, d. These tools will squeeze the stinger, possibly causing more irritation or difficulty in stinger removal
c. Using a fingernail may cause further irritation to the surrounding skin
e. A piece of plastic is recommended, since it will not squeeze or force the stinger into the skin
35. Hypoglycemia – low blood sugar
b. Although this is listed as the correct answer, I am guessing the correct answer should read “breath that has a fruity smell”
36. n/a
a. Ventricular Fibrillation – rapid, uncoordinated, and ineffective series of ventricular chamber contractions
b. Diastole - the period between contractions of the atria or the ventricles during which blood enters the relaxed chambers from the systemic circulation and the lungs
c. Ventricular tachycardia - a rapid heart beat that originates in one of the lower chambers of the heart, over 100 bpm
d. Ventricular defibrillation – a process in which an electronic device sends a shock to the heart to correct an irregular heartbeat
e. Asystole – the absence of heart contractions
37. Scoop Stretcher – may be used for transporting an athlete with spinal injury. (327)1
a. An ambulance cot (i.e. Strykyer) is used for transporting an athlete from the
