HEALTH
Definition: A state of physical, mental, & social well-being
BAR= Bright, Alert, & Responsive
Physical visualizations can give a sign of a healthy or a sick animal
INTRODUCTION TO DISEASE
Definition: any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure & function of any body part, organ or system that is manifested by a characteristic set of symptoms & signs & whose etiology, pathology, a& prognosis may be known or unknown
Prognosis- what the outcome is going to be
(look for nerves not working; digestive is not passing food; Coughing, sneezing)
DISEASE: Two out of the three items below must be present for disease to exist.
Etiological agent
Signs & symptoms
Anatomical alteration
**MUST KNOW WHATS NORMAL**
DISEASE
Symptom
Subjective evidence- what a patient expresses/ base of personal experience so it varies with everyone & therefore can’t be measured
Tired, nauseous, headache, lethargic, dizzy, tingling
Sign
Objective evidence- things we can measure
Temp 102.3 F, 3 mm ulceration, vomit

CAUSE
Etiology
Pathogenic organism
Just like predators, rather than go for the outside go from inside
Patho- passes
Genic= generating
Usually microorganisms
Infectious
Parasites
Bacteria
Lacks nucleus
**MOST ARE GOOD**
Normal Flora=bacteria normally living in us trying to get rid of dangerous bacteria helobactine-causes stomach ulcers multiply quickly
Viruses
Rabies, Distemper, HIV, FeLV, H1N1
Can’t replicate on their own unless they invade a host cell
Best behave viruses don’t kill the host
Fungi
**MOST ARE OUR FRIENDS**
Yeast, Mushrooms
Protozoa
Single cell
Giardia, Amoeba

Non-infectious
Nutritional
Starvation
Vitamin deficiency
Mineral deficiency
Metabolic disorder
Hyperthyroid
Diabetes
Trauma
Cuts, breaks, burns, sprains
Toxic Materials
Low mortality
Poisonous plants, venomous animals, heavy metals
TRANSMISSION
Spread of infectious disease
Zoonotic- transmission from animal to humans
Animate
Living
Vectors
Mechanical vector like fly flew from one cow to another carrying pus t got from that one cow-meaning he got his feet dirty
Inanimate
Call Fomites
Non-living
Tables, clothes, used needles
Aerosolization
INFECTION
Definition: Invasion & multiplication of microorganisms in body tissue, especially causing cellular injury
Entry
Growth multiplying Activity
Destroying normal tissue
IN or ON an animal superficial infections are unusual but still possible

PORTALS OF ENTRY
Hippo (Inhale * arrow pting to nostril/ingest*)
INHALE
How the nasty cold, viruses gets in
Viruses have a specific preferred way of entry to the body
Each pathogen has its own customer has a way it wants to get into the animal they like more to get in
INGEST- eaten
If the pathogen does not get in the prefer way- you might not get disease- you most likely won’t get sick
Like eating tetanus
INOCULATE
Tetanus- through puncture likes dead rotten tissue
UMBILICUS
Umbilical is a main line into a body
Use like ionine (dipping it) to help out with this –something that keeps working
TRANSPLACENTAL
Through the placental
Fetus is vulnerable to things that the mother is or might even be ok with
Vaccinating is a living virus that has been weakened for the adult, mature healthy animal
Not safe for still developing fetus
GENITOURINARY
Especially in the breeding season
Pathogens like orifices as portal of entry
Orifices are “wet”
CONTAGIOUS
Tuberculosis
Compare with tetanus, it is contagious because it is aerosolized (breathed in) where tetanus is not
Contrast Tetanus
Tetanus generates a toxin which makes your skin die
BODY RESPONSE
Resistance
Primary defenders- walls inside and out
Outer covering (Skin-the largest organ)
Skin will weigh more than your liver or any abdominal organs
Mucous membranes
Acts just like outer surface of the skin but inside
To be inside a body it must be absorb through the intestinal wall
Marble can’t do that
Major (main)