AP European History: Unit 1.1
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The Later Middle Ages

|Note: The AP exam will not hold students responsible for information prior to 1450. However, most AP |Use space below for notes |
|European History courses cover the Later Middle Ages and teachers require students to be knowledgeable in | |
|this area. | |
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|Major Theme: A series of crises in the Later Middle Ages transformed European society. These crises | |
|included: | |
|the Black Death (1347) | |
|the Hundred Years War (1337-1453) | |
|the Babylonian Captivity (1309-1377)and Great Schism in the Catholic Church (c. 1377-1415) | |
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|I. The Black Death (1347) |[pic] |
|Causes: |Plague doctors often wore attire,|
|Bubonic plague was carried by fleas on Asian black rats and brought to Europe on ships returning from Asia |such as seen above, with the beak|
|Overcrowding in cities and homes facilitated the spread of the disease |stuffed with spices or herbs to |
|Many aristocratic families slept in one room and many prosperous peasant families slept in one bed for |protect the doctor from the |
|warmth; less prosperous peasants were even worse off |disease. |
|Poor sanitation in cities: garbage-filled streets, human excrement, and dead animals | |
|Widespread malnutrition prior to the plague led to poor health (e.g. lower immune systems) that made people | |
|more susceptible to the disease | |
|25% harvests in early 14th century were poor as torrential rains destroyed wheat, oats, and hay crops; some | |
|instances of cannibalism occurred | |
|Poor hygiene also played a significant role | |
|Many people believed (correctly) that their water was contaminated and feared taking baths | |
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