dumping occurs when similar products are sold by a firm in an export market for less than what is charged in the home market. Alternatively, it may occur if the export price of the product is less than total average costs or marginal costs. Many important trading nations have legislation that allows them to impose antidumping (AD) duties if dumping is found to be occurring and to be injuring domestic industries. In this paper we focus in particular on the relationship that exists between AD and other policy instruments intended to deal with "excessive" import competition, especially safeguard laws modelled on Article XIX of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The existence of AD law has several critical implications for the multilateral trading system. It is an inefficient instrument of contingent protection that can be used de facto - although not de jure - as a …show more content…
However, their effect is not limited exclusively to domestic producers, but also to the trade and economy of an importing country as a whole. The anti-dumping measures may negatively affect industrial users and consumers of the product under investigation, competition, wholesale and retail services, and trade flow between importing and exporting countries. To address such an effect of anti-dumping measures, domestic anti-dumping legislation of some countries enshrines a ‘public interest’ clause. A public interest clause is incorporated into domestic anti-dumping regulations of Argentina, Brazil, China, Canada, EU, Malaysia, Thailand, Ukraine and some others. The ‘public interest’ clause generally implies the consideration of broader public interest concerns, i.e. to examine, in addition to the interests of the domestic industry, the interests of other parties which may be affected by the measure as well as influence trade and competition in the market