Chap. 7
1. Compact bone: also called cortical bone. Dense bone in which the bony matrix is solidly filled with organic ground substance and inorganic salts, leaving only tiny spaces. Spongy bone is less dense, lighter than compact bone. Looks like a sponge. No osteons.
2. Intervertebral discs, pubic symphsis, cartilage pads of the knee
3. Calcium and phosphates. Calcium is used for muscle contraction, blood clotting, and nerve impulses and keeps bones strong. Phosphates is required for ATP utilization and is important for the plasma membrane
4. Roof of the skull, scapulae the sternum and the ribs
5. Diaphysis is the long part of the bone and epiphysis is at the ends of the bones.
6. Allows nutrients to go inside the bones.
7. In spongy bone in kids and in flat bones of the skull, vertebrae and ribs
8. Osteoprogenitor cells they help things go to cell division, Osteoblasts build bone in the body, Osteocytes are mature cells in the body, Osteoclast eat stuff like bones
9.
10. They contain nerves, artireis and viens
11. Hyaline cartilage cannot be repaired or regrown.
12. Interstitial growth happens in the bone and Appositional growth happens outside the bone
13. Begins in the embryo. Flat bones of the skull, facial bones, mandible
14. Step 1 -The cartilage model forms
a. Step 2 – Cartilage models grows along with growth of the body
b. Step 3 - The primary ossification center forms when the nutrient artery arrives and provides blood
c. Step 4 - As ossification continues a medullary cavity forms
d. Step 5 - blood vessel entry into the epiphyses stimulates development of secondary ossification centers
e. Step 6 - as the epiphysis ossifies, residual hyaline cartilage remains on the surface of the bone (articular cartilage), and at the epiphyseal plate
15. Osteoblast go to bones and stick on them and its grows.
16. Is the removing of old bone tissue, It happens in over 20% of the body, every 4-6 months
17. It decreases them
18. Small intestines, liver and kidneys
19. When they need calcium and kidneys and small intestines
20. I either takes in or gives out calcium
21. Because they give birth and take birth control which takes calcium out of them
22. A fracture hematoma forms, a fibrocartialaginous callus forms, a hard bone callus forms, and finally the bone is remodeled
23. If it forms wrong it can cause serious health problems

Chap. 8

1. Fissure is a narrow, slit like opening through bone. A Foramen is a rounded passage way through bone
2. To protect the major organs and it is all of the bone on the mid line
3. 8 Cranial: frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, sphenoid & ethmoid 14 facial: 2 nasal, 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatic, mandible, 2 lacrimal, 2 palantine, 2 inferior nasal conchae, vomer make up the skull
4. Frontal bone, maxilaa, zygomatic bone, nasal bone, lacrimal bone, temporal bone, parietal bone, mandible, vomer.
5. Occipital bone and the temporal lube and pituitary gland
6. Parietal bones and occipital bones
7. Orbital process of palatine bone, orbital surface of maxilla, zygomatic bone
8. Ethmoid, frontal, maxillary, and speniodal sinuses bones
9. Malleus,incus, stapes
10. Males have sloping frontal bone and females have rounded frontal bones. Supercillary arch not prominent but is in a male
11. The posterior fontanelle