BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES OF EARTH
25 pts.The Water Cycle
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Infiltration and Percolation

List three ways humans can affect the water cycle processes?
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Name two ways water travels from land to enter the ocean.
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What draws water back to the Earth? ____________________________
What is an aquifer?
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How much of the Earth is covered with water? _______ %
Sediments
Most of the carbon involved in the carbon cycle is in the chemical form, __________________.
Where is most of the Earth’s carbon located? __________________________
How is carbon dioxide returned to the atmosphere? _____________________________________________________
How can the carbon cycle affect the Earth’s climate? __________________________________________________________________
List two ways humans can affect the carbon cycle processes:
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Photosynthesis

Diffusion

Death,
Sedimentation

Aerobic Respiration

Uplifting over geologic time

Combustion of fossil fuels

Sedimentation

The Carbon Cycle

Leaching runoff

Weathering
Volcanic Action

Photosynthesis

Death, burial, compaction over geologic time

Aerobic respiration

Sedimentation

Combustion of wood

Combustion of fossil fuels

190500328295The Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen Fixation (legumes)

Uptake by autotrophsExcretion, death, decomposition
Uptake by autotrophs
De-nitrification by bacteria

Nitrogen Fixation
Bacteria convert N2 to ammonia (NH3); this dissolves to form ammonium (NH4+)

Nitrification
Bacteria convert NO2- to nitrate (NO3-)

AmmonificationBacteria, fungi convert residues to NH3, this dissolves to form NH4+

Nitrification
Bacteria convert NH4+ to nitrite (NO2-)
Loss by leaching
Loss by leaching

Name two crop plants that “fix” atmospheric nitrogen into the soil on Earth:
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List three ways humans can affect the nitrogen cycle processes:
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How much of the air on Earth is nitrogen? ________ %
Explain why nitrogen is essential to life as we know it.
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The Phosphorous Cycle
Mining

Excretion

Agriculture

Weathering
Uptake by autotrophs
Uptake by autotrophs
Leaching, runoff

Death, decomposition

Death, decomposition

Sedimentation
Settling