-Provides the mechanisms for the next segment of class
- Earthquakes
- Volcanoes
- Earth is a dynamic system not only as climate, but in solids as well
- Rock solids move and interact
- Source of energy is from within the Earth
- Residual heat from Earth’s formation
- Very term and concept heavy. Get these things down…
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Components of Earth
Crust (two types)Oceanic Crust- Thin, dense crust formed at mid-ocean ridges
(basaltic).
Continental CrustThick, less dense continental material (silicic).
Mantle- Solid but acts plastic (moves over geologic time)
Outer Core- Liquid iron and nickel
Inner Core- Solid iron and nickel
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Components of Earth
LithosphereConsists of crust and upper part of upper mantle
AsthenosphereConsists of highly viscous portion of the upper mantle
These terms are described by their mechanical qualities, not chemical/mineral!
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- Crust is broken into pieces
- Called Tectonic Plates
- These plates move atop the mantle due to underlying forces (and others).
We call this processPlate Tectonics- The big picture that describes movement of crustal plates.
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Driving forces
Convection drives plate tectonics. Tectonic plates in turn move on atop the currents and interact with each other
- Smashing into each other - Pulling away from each other - Rubbing against each other GSC 350
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Boundaries
3 types
Divergent- Where plates pull apart
Convergent- Where plates smash together
Transform- Where plates pass one another
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Divergent Boundary- Rising magma creates pull apart conditions and crust rips apart. New crust forms at boundary.
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Divergence of rock (think of this as stretching) can occur on a continent. Leads to a thinning of the continent and ‘Basin and Range’ (Nevada)
Nevada is America’s stretch mark
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Boundaries
Convergent
Boundary- Two plates smash into each other.
These are subduction zones and collision zones
(mountain
building areas).
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Hand sample rock densities- Oceanic Crust
(basalt) is
physiology. 2) Tectonic forces are those originating beneath the surface that alters the surface configuration of the earth as a result of tectonic (lithosphere) plate movement. Plate tectonics is the main force of nature responsible for the geologic history of North America. Over time, the plates have come together to form the continents, including North America. Other processes, such as sedimentation and erosion, modify the shape of the land that has been forged by plate tectonics. 3) By 12000…
Plate Tectonics Midterm Project Purpose: Students will research types and locations of different plate boundaries found on planet Earth and discover how these boundaries have influenced the culture in a particular location. ***Do not plagiarize, all work must original*** ***All work must be typed*** Part I (100 pts) Choose a Plate Boundary from one of the following boundaries Convergent Boundary India (Himalayas Mountains) Japan Andres Mountains (South America) Divergent Boundary…
Geomorphic Comparison Geomorphic of Volcanoes on Earth and Mars: Implications for Plate Tectonics for Liz Roberts University of Hawai`i at University Hawai at Mānoa Arkansas-Oklahoma Ok Center for Space and Planetary Sciences Planetary July 29, 2004 Fayetteville, Arkansas 1 About this Presentation Volcanoes are asymmetric in shape in map view and airborne and spaceborne imagery is utilized for measuring their circular spaceborne imager symmetry symmetry Shield volcanoes…
(754 miles) in radius. * Mid-ocean ridge – A continuous mountainous ridge on the floor of all the major ocean basins and varying in width from 500 to 5000 km (300 to 3000 miles). The rifts at the crests of the these ridges represent divergent plate boundaries. * Planets – A celestial body moving in an elliptical orbit around a star. * Solar nebula – The cloud of interstellar gas and/or dust from which the bodies of our solar system formed. * Crust – The very thin outermost layer…
San Francisco.The Great San Francisco Earthquake caused the ground to shift at about 4 to 5 feet per second, and the rupture traveled at about 5,900 miles per hour. The magnitude of the earthquake was estimated to be 7.8. on the Richter scale. Earthquakes happen along fault lines, the lines where tectonic plates meet. Tectonic plates are the huge rocky plates that make up the surface of the earth. Tectonic plates can move apart or collide with each becaue of pressure. This powerful movement tears…
An Introduction to the Marine Environment • ~71% of the Earth is covered by salt water • The average depth of the ocean is 3,800 meters (12,500 feet) and at its deepest depth is 36,163 feet (7,000 feet deeper than Mt. Everest is high) • That’s a total volume of 1,349,929,000 km3! • The oceans constitute the largest repository of organisms on the planet The Geography of the Ocean Basins • The oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern) are not distributed evenly – Two-thirds of land…
physical processes tectonic movement volcanic activity Notes Read each section of the chapter and describe the physical process and name the four parts of the process . 17.3 How Tectonic Movement Shapes the Earth (include faultblock mountain, fold mountain, tectonic plate, fault in your description) Tectonic plate movement shapes the earth by creating faults (cracks). Some plates fold over creating fold mountains. Other plates drop or rise up creating fault blocks…
the rocky surface of Kepler-22, which is the latest discovered planet; the surface of a planet is a highly important feature when comparing an Earth like planet to that of Earth itself. According to an article put forth by Harvard University, plate tectonics are “the forces that move continents and build mountains” without them the world wouldn’t be as unique as it is with its hill topped plains and…
natural resources. Anchorage's economy traditionally has seen steady growth, though not quite as rapid as many places in the lower 48 states (Drye W, 2005). TECTONIC PLATES- The tectonic history of the region shows that the Pacific plate moves in a northwestern direction at about five to seven centimeters per year. This Pacific tectonic plate movement causes the crust of southern Alaska to be compressed and warped, with some areas along the coast being depressed while other areas inland are being…
History – these were the first regions settled by Europeans 4. Employment – more employment opportunities eg. Manufacturing, fishing and ports The formation of coastlines: Constantly changing. Some retreating backwards and others advancing seawards. Tectonic forces – internals forces that create landforms and coastlines. Gradational processes – external forces that wear down or break up or level coastal landforms. EROSION OR DEPOSITION. TECTONIC FORCES: Cause movement on the surface of the earth. Uplift…
