• Telecommunications overview
Data communications overview
Evolution of converged networks
Desktop processors and LAN technology
Client-Server architecture in networking
Internet and intranet
Network communication protocols
OSI and Internet standards
Broadband networks and services
Need for network management and NMS
Operations, Administration, Maintenance, and Provisioning
Network management architecture and organization
Concept of Network Operations Center
Perspectives of network management
Network management system
Look-ahead of network management technology
• Modern network evolution from Telephone /
Telecommunications Network
• Characteristics of Telephone network
• Reliable - does what is expected of it
• Dependable - always there when you need it (remember 911?)
• Good quality (connection) - hearing each other well
• Reasons for QoS:
• Good planning, design, and implementation
• Good operation and management of network • Migration to new technologies –
• e.g., From analog to digital technology
Telephone Network Model
To other
Regional Center
Class 1 switch
Regional Center
Class 1 switch
Sectional Center
Class 2 switch
Sectional Center
Class 2 switch
Primary Center
Class 3 switch
Primary Center
Class 3 switch
Toll Center
Class 4 switch
Toll Center
Class 4 switch
End Office
Class 5 switch
End Office
Class 5 switch
Regional centers
Sectional centers
Primary centers
Toll centers
End offices
To other
Primary centers
Toll centers
End offices
To other
Class 4 toll points
End offices
Legend:
Loop
Direct Trunk
Toll-Connecting Trunk
Voice
Voice
Toll Trunk
Figure 1.1 Telephone Network Model
Notes
• Notice the hierarchy of switches
• Primary and secondary routes programmed
• Automatic routing
• Where is the most likely failure?
• Use of Operations Systems to ensure QoS
• Operations Support Systems (OSSs) help manage the operation of networks
• OSSs in telecommunications monitor:
• Analog network parameters:
•S/N ratio, transmission loss, call blockage, etc.
• Digital network parameters:
• Packet loss, Packet delay, Throughput,
QoS, etc.
• Real-time management of network
• Trunk (logical entity between switches / nodes) maintenance system measures loss and S/N
Trunks not meeting QoS removed before customer notices poor quality
• Traffic measurement systems measure call drops and blockage. Additional switches or routers planned to keep the call blockage or drops below acceptable level
• OSSs distributed at central offices and customer premises • Network management done centrally from
Notes
Network Operations Center (NOC)
