Properties of Acids and
Bases
•
•
Properties
• Common Uses

Neutralization and Salts
• Indicators

Acids
 Dissociate in water to form

hydronium ions (H3O+)
 Proton donors

HCl + H2O  H3O + Cl
+

H

H

Cl

H

O

O
H

H

Cl
H

–

Bases
 Dissociate in water to form

hydroxide ions (OH-)
 Proton acceptors

NH3 + H2O  NH
H

H

O

H
H

+ OH

H

H

N

+
4

H

N
H

H

O
H

-

Conjugate Acids & Bases
 A conjugate base remains

when an acid donates an H+.

HCl + H2O  H3O + Cl
+

H

H

Cl

H

O

O
H

H

Cl
H

–

Conjugate Acids & Bases
 A conjugate acid remains when a

base accepts an H+.

NH3 + H2O  NH
H

H

O

H
H

+ OH

H

H

N

+
4

H

N
H

H

O
H

-

Conjugate Acid-Base Pair
 two substances related by the

loss or gain of a single H+.

 sour

taste

 sing.

rep. rxn w/ metals form H2 gas  conduct
 turn

 bitter

taste

 slippery

feel

 conduct
 turn

litmus blue

litmus red

Zn + 2 HCl  ZnCl2 + H2

Acetic acid

HC2H3O2

Vinegar

Carbonic acid

H2CO3

Hydrochloric acid

HCl

Stomach acid

HNO3

Fertilizer, industry

Nitric acid
Ascorbic acid

C6H8O6

Sulfuric acid

H2SO4

Sodas

Vitamin C
Battery acid

Sodium hydroxide
NaOH
Drain cleaner, soap
Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 Antacid, laxative
Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Concrete, plaster
Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 Deodorant, antacid
Ammonia

NH3

Cleaner, fertilizer

Neutralization – chemical

reaction between an acid and HCla+base
NaOHmaking
 NaCl …
+ HOH
H2O
=
ACID + BASE  SALT + WATER

KOH + HNO3  H2O + KNO3
Acid?

donates H+

Base?

OH- accepts H+

Salt?

neutral KNO3

Sodium chloride NaCl
Sodium carbonate Na2CO3

flavoring, preservative glass Potassium chloride KCl

Calcium carbonate CaCO3

salt substitute to reduce sodium